The situation in Gaza and Israel is fast-moving and at times confusing. Here's what's happening, and what you can do to help.
Oxfam has worked in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel since the 1950s. Starting in October 2023, Oxfam has been collaborating with partners to deliver humanitarian assistance for people in Gaza, including clean water, hygiene items, and sanitation systems in areas hosting displaced people.
The latest ceasefire deal agreed to in October, 2025 led to a temporary increase in the volume of commercial goods and humanitarian aid entering Gaza, but deliveries remain insufficient to meet the scale of needs across the territory. These volumes again dropped significantly at the end of February, when Israel re-closed Gaza’s border crossings following the start of the joint U.S.-Israel air campaign in Iran.
While one crossing has seen a partial reopening for cargo since then, most of the shipments since the ceasefire have contained commercial goods rather than humanitarian aid. Much of this has been unaffordable for most of the population, as well as being of little or no nutritional value.
The needs remain urgent. People in Gaza haven’t had enough food for years and remain in critical need of sustained, transparent, predictable, mass scaling of humanitarian aid. Most of the population still lacks access to nutritious and affordable food, and appropriate shelter, sanitation, and health care.
Instead of fully implementing the peace agreement, the government of Israel has continued to severely limit humanitarian aid and maintained its arbitrary, opaque, and politicized system for humanitarian access in Gaza. Despite these challenges, Oxfam remains operational via its registration with the Palestinian Authority and continues to pursue its mission in close collaboration with partner organizations in Gaza.
The fragile ceasefire in Gaza, strained by ongoing violence, as well as by escalating conflict across the Middle East, is critical to saving lives in the short term, and must also pave the way for a sustainable peace and genuine reconciliation.
This process cannot succeed without justice and accountability at its core for all Palestinians and Israelis to prevent impunity and ensure the cycle of violence is not repeated.
How much food is getting into Gaza?
Commercial and humanitarian supplies are entering Gaza through an extremely small number of channels and organizations, which is contributing to limited improvements in some communities. However, the volume is still far below what is acceptable to meet critical needs, and Israeli authorities continue to limit humanitarian supplies while instead allowing private sector goods like candy and soda.
While some types of food and other goods have become more available in local markets, they remain largely unaffordable for many Palestinians, 80% of whom are unemployed.
Prior to the start of the war, 45% of all food in Gaza was produced locally, as were 100% of its vegetables. The people in Gaza relied on about 500 truckloads a day for aid and commercial goods. Over the past two years, only a fraction of food that used to be delivered daily has been allowed through.
The war in Gaza has damaged 70% of Gaza’s cropland, and nearly all of what remains is inaccessible due to Israeli restrictions. Farms, orchards, and greenhouses have been destroyed along with nearly the entire fishing fleet.
The latest global hunger report showed that 1.6 million people in Gaza are expected to face severe hunger through April, while nearly 100,000 children under the age of five are expected to suffer from acute malnutrition in the coming months.
In Gaza water has become a luxury item
Under Israeli blockade for the last 16 years—and even tougher protocols following the war in October 2023--Gaza already had limited ability to manage its essential resources, particularly water.
During the conflict, more than 2 million people were struggling to survive without access to clean water, which is a fundamental human right.
- The Israeli military campaign reduced the amount of water available in Gaza by 94% to less than five liters a day per person—equal to less than a single toilet flush.
- The destruction of water and electricity infrastructure—as well as restrictions on the entry of spare parts and fuel—saw water production drop by 84% in Gaza.
- Israeli forces have destroyed 70% of all sewage pumps and 100% of all wastewater treatment plants.
In early 2026, the U.N. estimated that “drinking water availability in Gaza City remains severely restricted and well below ... emergency standards of 6 liters per person per day for thousands of vulnerable families.”
Oxfam's teams have reached more than 800,000 people with water, sanitation, and hygiene support since Israel’s military campaign on Gaza began. Reconstruction of water and sanitation systems is a high priority that will help Gaza avoid outbreaks of water-borne diseases and ensure that whatever food people can eat can be digested safely with positive long-term nutritional outcomes.
Following the announcement of the ceasefire in October 2025, Oxfam is working with partner organizations in Gaza that are providing clean water for displaced people, repairing water and sanitation systems (including building hundreds of latrines in southern Gaza), and helping people access crucial hygiene items like soap and menstrual products.
Are there any hospitals left in Gaza?
After the collapse of the temporary ceasefire in March 2025, the U.N. reported that only 63% of the 37 hospitals in Gaza were even partially functioning, but that “the destruction of critical medical infrastructure in Gaza … has severely affected the ability of the health system in Gaza to deliver life-saving services.”
By the end of March 2026 the percentage had dropped: only 19 of the 37 hospitals in Gaza were partly functioning (51%), according to the U.N.
Those most at risk are malnourished people and those living with disabilities, pregnant or new mothers, those recovering from injuries, and people with chronic illnesses or weakened immune systems.
How did we get to this?
The Israeli military has occupied Palestinian territory, which includes Gaza, the West Bank, and East Jerusalem, for 58 years. Israel has also imposed a blockade on Gaza since 2007, which has devastated Gaza's economy, left most people unable to leave, restricted them from essential services such as health care, and cut Palestinians off from each other.
On October 7, 2023, Hamas and other armed Palestinian groups carried out appalling, brutal attacks on civilians in Israel. A total of 1,139 people were killed, and 240 people were taken hostage.
Immediately following the attacks on October 7, Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant ordered a “complete siege” on Gaza, at the onset of a military campaign that has involved widespread airstrikes and ground incursions into Gaza, resulting in catastrophic loss of life and injuries to Palestinian civilians.
Between October 7 and 17 of 2023, no food at all crossed into Gaza, forcing the population to use up what they had. Though the complete siege imposed at the start of the campaign was subsequently loosened somewhat, the Israeli government has tightly controlled and constrained humanitarian operations throughout the course of the war, systematically throttling the volume, range, and operational space of humanitarian delivery.
Early in the conflict, the government of Israel ordered the evacuation of more than a million people from northern Gaza. The directive gave them just hours to pack up and leave their homes, which meant their food supplies and access to agricultural land were lost overnight. Similar orders were given dozens of times over the next two years, confining Palestinians into ever smaller enclaves in Gaza.
After 15 months, a temporary ceasefire was announced on January 15, 2025; it held for two months before collapsing. People in Gaza again faced overwhelming levels of the humanitarian crisis across all sectors following the Israeli government’s re-imposition of a full blockade and resumption of intensive air and artillery strikes and military campaign in March.
The famine classification by the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, issued in August 2025, confirmed what Oxfam staff and the entire humanitarian community in Gaza had been warning for months: The government of Israel’s continued campaign of bombing and blocking aid created unique conditions for widespread deadly starvation to Palestinian families in Gaza.
Following the announcement of the peace plan in October 2025, more aid has been allowed into Gaza limited to a select number of commercial and humanitarian actors, but not anywhere near enough to address the humanitarian crisis. The government of Israel later announced it will not allow 37 major international aid organizations to renew their registration to work in Gaza. This arbitrary and politicized registration system is no longer about vetting for security reasons, but rather empowering a political ministry to reject NGO registration based on ideological rather than legitimate security grounds. This is now limiting the quantity and quality of aid allowed into Gaza—raising costs and making aid efforts inefficient at a time when Palestinians are still fighting to come back from famine in 2025.
Renewed conflict across the Middle East breaking out in March 2026 is putting added economic pressure on Gaza. Movement restrictions and persistent insecurity are deepening an already severe humanitarian crisis. The closure of Gaza’s borders triggered a rapid spike in prices. Markets saw panic buying among those who could afford it, while shopkeepers quickly emptied shelves, a familiar pattern in which goods are withheld and later resold in small quantities at sharply inflated prices. The flow of aid and commercial goods into Gaza remains constrained, and while some fuel has entered the Gaza Strip, supplies remain critically low, affecting humanitarian operations and daily life.
Over the past two years of conflict in Gaza, more than 72,000 Palestinians (the majority believed to be non-combatants) have been killed by Israel's destructive military campaign. This includes at least 700 Palestinians who have died since the announcement of the peace plan and ceasefire in October of 2025.
What is Oxfam doing in Gaza?
In collaboration with 20 partner organizations in Gaza, Oxfam has reached more than 1.4 million people with lifesaving assistance since October 2023.
Oxfam continues to source aid and materials within Gaza in order to assist partner organizations, people displaced by the conflict, and those on the move who are choosing to return to their homes. We are focusing on a range of emergency interventions including:
- Providing clean water for displaced people
- Facilitating access to food supplies
- Creating access to hygiene items, including menstrual products
- Rehabilitating water and sanitation systems and wells
- Renovating solid waste management infrastructure
- Offering training and inputs for home gardens to help people grow vegetables
- Increasing support for women’s rights organizations helping survivors of gender-based violence and providing other essential services for women and girls affected by the conflict.
Since the beginning of hostilities in early October 2023, Oxfam has supported 20 local partners providing lifesaving assistance including food, clean water, repairing and installing sanitation systems, and hygiene support. Oxfam supports organizations in Gaza that are helping women and girls surviving sexual and psychological violence.
Oxfam and partners have worked under unimaginable conditions to deliver lifesaving aid in Gaza. Our teams have reached more than 800,000 people with WASH support since the war began and have continued to provide protection services to the most vulnerable, especially women and children.
Oxfam partners include the Palestinian Medical Relief Society, Juzoor for Health and Social Development, the Economic and Social Development Center of Palestine, the Palestinian Agriculture and Relief Commission, and the Palestinian Development Association. They are providing psychological first-aid training and counseling to youth, as well as supplies like food parcels, clothes, blankets, menstrual products, and soap. This assistance is reaching those living in makeshift shelters in the northern and southern region of the Gaza Strip.
Oxfam has worked in the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel since the 1950s. We have supported communities in Gaza, West Bank and East Jerusalem (where the government of Israel maintains full military and civil control) to tackle the root causes of conflict, build resilience to sudden shocks, and protect their rights.
What needs to happen now?
- U.S citizens need to advocate for an end to the conflict in the Middle East and prioritize humanitarian aid for Gaza.
- Israel must facilitate the registration of established humanitarian NGOs to allow them to continue their work
- Israel must allow full and unrestricted humanitarian access to Gaza, fully opening all crossings and ending arbitrary restrictions on freedom of movement and access.
- Hamas and Israel must abide by the parameters of the ceasefire and peace agreement
The need for peace
The peace agreement and ceasefire must set the conditions now for creating a lasting and just peace for all Palestinians and Israelis. To break the cycle of violence, the international community must tackle the root causes of injustice and violence that are being perpetrated under the Israeli occupation and blockade of Gaza—before and after the October 7 attacks.
Military force cannot resolve this decades-long conflict. The continuing violence is not bringing us any closer to the peace that both Palestinians and Israelis need and deserve.
The United States, U.N. member states, and countries named as members of the Board of Peace must act now to correct past failures and do all in their power to push for the ceasefire to be fully implemented with increased access and improved conditions for a surge of aid and other vital goods. The ceasefire must be just the first step towards a path to sustainable peace and security for all Palestinians and Israelis. We cannot have this fragile progress undermined by continued impunity and policies that do not respect the lives, dignity and future of Israelis and Palestinians equally.
Find out more
- For the most reliable updates on the situation, visit the U.N. OCHA website.
- Donate to our Gaza Emergency Appeal.
- How to help Gaza
- Humanitarian Scorecard: Six months in, the Gaza Ceasefire is Failing